Platforms and Successful Ecosystems

What does it take to build a successful app ecosystems on top of software platforms? Where did Nokia, Microsoft and Amazon go wrong with their attempts? How should automotive manufacturers think about Android and 3rd party apps. What should Huawei do to make their HarmonyOS NEXT successful in Europe? Sources [1] A Comparative Study of Smartphone and Smart TV Apps – Liua et al https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.01752 [2] Do Customized Android Frameworks Keep Pace with Android? - Liu et al https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.15535 [3] Estimated worldwide motor vehicle production from 2000 to 2024 - statista.com https://www.statista.com/statistics/262747/worldwide-automobile-production-since-2000/ [4] Global smartphone shipments from 2009 to 2024 – statista.com https://www.statista.com/topics/840/smartphones/