Rowhammer in the Wild: Large-Scale Insights from FlippyR.AM

Last year at 38c3, we gave a talk titled "Ten Years of Rowhammer: A Retrospect (and Path to the Future)." In this talk, we summarized 10 years of Rowhammer research and highlighted gaps in our understanding. For instance, although nearly all DRAM generations from DDR3 to DDR5 are vulnerable to the Rowhammer effect, we still do not know its real-world prevalence. For that reason, we invited everyone at 38c3 last year to participate in our large-scale Rowhammer prevalence study. In this year's talk, we will first provide an update on Rowhammer research and present our results from that study. A lot has happened in Rowhammer research in 2025. We have evidence that DDR5 is as vulnerable to Rowhammer as previous generations. Other research shows that not only can adversaries target rows, but columns can also be addressed and used for bit flips. Browser-based Rowhammer attacks are back on the table with Posthammer and with ECC. fail, we can mount Rowhammer attacks on DDR4 with ECC memory.